Typefaces
Sans serif - have less stroke width variation than serif typefaces. They are often used to convey simplicity and modernity or minimalism.
Serif- is a small line or stroke regularly attached to the end of a larger stroke in a letter or symbol within a particular font or family of fonts.
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Serifs (coloured in red)
Slab serif - is a type of serif typeface characterized by thick, block-like serifs. Serif terminals may be either blunt and angular (Rockwell), or rounded (Courier). Slab serifs were introduced in the early nineteenth century.
Is a style of typeface characterized by:
-Thick, block-like serifs
-Uniform width and weight
-Bold, strong, and modern aesthetic
-Often used for titles or headlines
-Rockwell
-Clarendon
-Serifa
-Courier
-Memphis
Script faces - script typefaces are based on the varied and often fluid stroke created by handwriting. They are generally used for display or trade printing, rather than for extended body text in the Latin alphabet. Some Greek alphabet typefaces, especially historically, have been a closer simulation of handwriting.
Script typefaces are organized into highly regular formal types similar to cursive writing and looser, more casual scripts.
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Formal scripts
A majority of formal scripts are based upon the letterforms of seventeenth and eighteenth century writing-masters like George Bickham, George Shelley and George Snell. The letters in their original form are generated by a quill or metal nib of a pen. Both are able to create fine and thick strokes.
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Casual scripts
Casual scripts show a less formal, more active hand. The strokes may vary in width but often appear to have been created by wet brush rather than a pen nib.
Antiqua
is a style of typeface used to mimic styles of handwriting or calligraphy common during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Blackletter (sometimes black letter or black-letter), also known as Gothic script, Gothic minuscule or Gothic type, was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 until the 17th century.
Illustrator Cassandre Kaja
17/09/2024
Ryszard Kaja - (16 January 1962 – 17 April 2019) was a painter, poster artist, stage designer, and costume designer from Poland.
He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Poznan in 1984, and earned a degree in painting under Norbert Skupniewicz. His father is the poster designer Zbigniew Kaja and his mother is the ceramicist and painter Stefania Kaja.
Ryszard Kaja was regarded as one of Poland's best selling and prolific contemporary poster designers. Following in the tradition of his father Zbigniew Kaja, member of the acclaimed Polish Poster School, Kaja painted his posters using mixed techniques: “I use everything: pen, pencil, ink, color ink, gouache, coffee grounds, tea, ash—everything around me, not just the computer.” He served as juror for many poster biennials including the Italian Poster biennial. He was an honorary guest at the 2015 BICeBé Bienal del Cartel Bolivia (Biennial of Poster, Bolivia). Ryszard lived in Wrocław, Poland where he worked on his "Plakaty z serii POLSKA" (Posters from the series "POLAND") which included 120 posters featuring less well known towns and destinations within Poland.
reference: Wikipedia. (2022). Ryszard Kaja. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_Kaja.
Original:
In this experiment, I used Adobe Illustrator to draw over Cassandre's original image and I added a second layer and locked the first one that I already have. For the text, I used Type Tool and to change the shape of the letters I used Type - Create Outlines and select the point from where to move. And, for the lines and small rectangles at top of them, I tried to use Pen Tool and Rectangle Tool. For the moon, I tried to use Gradient and the colours that I used are white and light yellow more on the right side.
Creating a poster using Photoshop with layers and masks
20/09/2024
Michal Batory
Born August 25, 1959 in Lodz, Poland, lives and works in Paris since 1987, Studies at the National School of Fine Arts in Lodz, Poland, Graduated in graphic design, specializing in posters (with Professor Bogusław Balicki), Scholarship from the Ministry of Culture and Art for young artists, Poland, Works in graphic design agencies in Paris, Freelance graphic designer.
reference: VisualArtsMagazine. (2022). Michal Batory. [online] Available at: https://www.artymag.ir/en/artists/Vt6P/ [Accessed 12 Nov. 2024].
The first image looks really nice, I can see a book that is in the shape of face again. The second image I can see a baby sitting inside a heel and smiling, and the last image I can see some plants that are growing from the big piece of ice and the I can see more lights on the bottom of the image which is really interesting.
reference: Retroavangarda.com. (2024). Available at: https://www.retroavangarda.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Batory-exhibition-08.jpg [Accessed 12 Nov. 2024].
reference: Bing.com. (2024). Available at: https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.4G0iyTeRjfRPcQr0JELAlwHaK5?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
Photoshop experiment
1.png)
In this experiment I used Adobe Photoshop to create a poster with layers and masks. I locked the white background and made a layer for the picture of the ice cubes, then I made another layer to paste an image with plants, after this I selected an image with a plant and clicked "Remove background" and it automatically removed it. I did the same thing for the second plant and made them in a bigger size. To make a shadow for the plants I used Magic Wand Tool to select an image and Select-Similar, Select-Inverse, add a new layer, Select-Modify-Feather selection(20 pixels), Edit-Fill (Contents: Black)
An image related to my event
Graphic poster
24/09/2024
Differences between Primary and Secondary research
10/09/2024
Primary research
Primary market research is original research carried out when a company needs timely,
specific data about something that affects its success or potential longevity.
Primary research data collection might be carried out in-house by a business analyst or
market research team within the company, or it may be outsourced to a specialist provider, such as an
agency or consultancy. While outsourcing primary research involves a greater upfront
expense, it’s less time consuming and can bring added benefits such as researcher
expertise and a ‘fresh eyes’ perspective that avoids the risk of bias and partiality affecting
the research data.
Primary research gives you recent data from known primary sources about the particular topic you care about, but it does take a little time to collect that data from scratch, rather than finding secondary data via an internet search or library visit.
Primary Research methods
-Surveys - A survey can be carried out online, offline, face to face or via other media such as phone or SMS.
-Interviews - Primary research interviews can be carried out face to face, over the phone or via video calling.
-Focus group - A focus group is an interview with multiple participants at the same time.
Advantages:
-Tells you what you need to know
-Teaches you more about your business
-Primary research methods can provide upskilling opportunities – employees gain new research skills
Disadvantages:
-Lacks context from other research on related subjects
-Can be expensive
-Results aren’t ready to use until the project is complete
-Any mistakes you make in in research design or implementation could compromise your data quality
Secondary research
Secondary research is research that has already been done by someone else prior to your own research study.
Secondary research is generally the best place to start any research project as it will reveal whether someone has already researched the same topic you’re interested in, or a similar topic that helps lay some of the groundwork for your research project.
Secondary research methods
-Books and magazines
-Literature reviews - A literature review involves gathering information from a wide range of secondary sources on one topic and summarizing them in a report or in the introduction to primary research data.
-Content analysis
Advantages:
-It’s often low cost or even free to access in the public domain
-It’s ready to use as soon as you acquire it
-Data is complete, has been analyzed and checked, saving you time and costs
Disadvantages:
-May not provide enough specific information
-May be out of date – always check carefully the original research was conducted
reference: Qualtrics (2023). Primary vs Secondary Research – What’s the Difference? [online] Qualtrics. Available at: https://www.qualtrics.com/experience-management/research/primary-vs-secondary-research/.
What is Quantitative and Qualitative?
Quantitative research
Involves the process of objectively collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe, predict, or control variables of interest.
The goals of quantitative research are to test causal relationships between variables, make predictions, and generalize results to wider populations.
Quantitative researchers aim to establish general laws of behavior and phenomenon across different settings/contexts. Research is used to test a theory and ultimately support or reject it.
Quantitative Methods
-Standardized psychological assessments: One example of a standardized psychological assessment of IQ that uses quantitative data is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).
Another example is the Experience in Close Relationships Scale (ECR), a self-report questionnaire widely used to assess adult attachment styles.
-Neuroimaging data: Neuroimaging techniques, such as MRI and fMRI, provide quantitative data on brain structure and function.
-Clinical outcome measures: The use of clinical outcome measures provides objective, standardized data that can be used to assess treatment effectiveness and monitor symptoms over time, helping mental health professionals make informed decisions about treatment and care.
Qualitative research
Qualitative research is the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting non-numerical data, such as language. Qualitative research can be used to understand how an individual subjectively perceives and gives meaning to their social reality.
Qualitative data is non-numerical data, such as text, video, photographs, or audio recordings. This type of data can be collected using diary accounts or in-depth interviews and analyzed using grounded theory or thematic analysis.
Qualitative Methods
There are different types of qualitative research methods, including diary accounts, in-depth interviews, documents, focus groups, case study research, and ethnography.
-Interview transcripts: Verbatim records of what participants said during an interview or focus group. They allow researchers to identify common themes and patterns, and draw conclusions based on the data. Interview transcripts can also be useful in providing direct quotes and examples to support research findings.
-Observations: The researcher typically takes detailed notes on what they observe, including any contextual information, nonverbal cues, or other relevant details. The resulting observational data can be analyzed to gain insights into social phenomena, such as human behavior, social interactions, and cultural practices.
-Diaries or journals: Written accounts of personal experiences or reflections. reference: Qualitative vs Quantitative Research: What's the Difference? (simplypsychology.org)
What is a tagline in terms of research?
A tagline is a short, memorable description that succinctly and clearly communicates the brand message.
This short description acts as the brand’s catchphrase and builds brand personality, which, in turn, helps set the brand’s positioning in the market.
Characteristics Of A Good Tagline
Simple: It can be understood in one reading and is not open to interpretation.
Memorable: It is easy to remember and recall.
Precise: It communicates a single, clear message. A complex or confusing message will not resonate with your audience.
Creative: It is original and stands out from the competition.
Informative: It tells the consumer what the brand offers. That is, it is a promise of what the consumer can expect from the product or service.
Emotional: It evokes an emotional response from the consumer.
reference: Pahwa, A. (2018). What Is A Tagline? - Types, Examples, & How-To Guide. [online] Feedough. Available at: https://www.feedough.com/tagline-meaning-examples-ideas-how-to-guide/.
Sports mood
Poster critique
1. Does this poster “stand alone” and present a clear message?
-Yes, you can clearly see the message of the picture and what they wanted to advertise.
2. Are bullet points and short phrases used whenever possible? A POSTER SHOULD NOT BE A “MANUSCRIPT ON THE WALL”
-There are no bullet points, but short sentences are used or one word sentence, for example "Faster. Stronger. For longer."
3. Is there a logical flow of material left to right/up to down progression?
-Yes
4. Is the language of the TITLE plain and descriptive?
-Yes it is plain and descriptive, it is also big and short and gives you enough information.
5. Does the poster have logical sections? Who, what, when?
-Yes, the poster about tournament includes all information like when and where is it going to be.
6. Overall, is the language clear and interesting?
-Yes, the language is clear and interesting.
7. Is the poster free from grammatical and spelling errors?
-Yes, it is free from grammatical and spelling errors.
8. (if applicable) Are any data images easy to interpret?
-
9. Is the font large enough to read from a distance?
-Yes, it is large enough to read from distance.
10. Do the background and text have high contrast? (i.e. light background/dark text; or dark background/light text)
-Yes, the background is light and the text on it is dark, so it is easy to read it out. There is also a dark background and the text is light to make it easier to read.
Some of them have light background and some of them have dark, also if it’s a light background so the text have to be light.
-If the background is light and the text is light as well sometimes it can be difficult to read and understand the text.
11. Is there enough empty space – at least 30%?
-Yes, there is enough space.
12. Are there visual elements other than text? (e.g. photos, images, graphics)
-
6 types of media channels that are used for advertising:
25/09/2024
1. Video advertising: Television and YouTube
On July 1st, 1941, the first-ever legal television advertisement was broadcast in the state of New York during a Brooklyn Dodgers versus Philadelphia Phillies game, which was on the screens of about 4,000 televisions. In the decades that followed, the popularity of television advertising swelled along with the popularity of mass marketing. Today, television is one of the most popular media channels for marketers, especially with the advent of connected TV advertising, which uses viewer data for more effective segmentation.
Video ads have also expanded beyond the traditional cable box to include YouTube ads and online video. Media planners can now showcase their commercials across the web on various websites to connect with audiences online.
2. Audio channels: Radio and Podcast advertising
While radio technology was developed during the 19th century, the commercial capabilities of radio broadcasts were not harnessed until 1912, where record companies supplied free music to broadcasters in exchange for mentioning which company provided the record. By the late 1920s, almost every U.S. radio station would play commercially sponsored programs. Today, traditional radio remains incredibly popular for listeners and advertisers alike – and with the rise of internet radio, it appears this audio-only method of advertising will remain popular throughout the digital revolution.
3. Newspapers
Print mediums, such as newspapers, are one of the oldest media channels for advertisers – in fact, newspaper advertisements predate brands. As literacy rates increased in the 16th century, advertisers in Italy, Germany, and Holland began publishing print advertisements in weekly gazettes. Almost 500 years later, and the newspaper is still an effective channel that commands approximately $15.9 billion in advertising spend within the U.S.
4. Print & Digital Publications (Magazines)
The first magazines were published in the late 1600s as a form of entertainment for the upper class, and often discussed matters of philosophy, culture, and lifestyle. It wasn’t until the 19th century that the middle class began desiring magazines, so publishers started selling ad space to offset exorbitant printing costs and expand their readership. By the 20th century, magazines were known for having distinct audiences and the option to purchase sizable ads in full color. In 2019, magazine advertising spending was worth an estimated $15.6 billion.
5. Out-Of-Home Advertising
In the 1800’s, out-of-home advertising started becoming popular. Billboards and murals advertising acts like Barnum & Bailey took over the country. In later years, when the automobile was invented, billboards were adapted to be seen along highways and interstates to advertise Coca-Cola, Palmolive, and other brand’s latest products. In recent years, billboards have evolved even further and have become digital. Time Square is just one area where digital out-of-home advertising has taken over the city. Currently, there are even sensors and cameras being used in order to make the billboard experience more interactive. While this is one of the older forms of advertising, billboards are continuing to evolve and continue to be a main form of media advertising.
6. Social Media
Social media is one of the newest channels for media planners to utilize. Social media advertisements evolved from the original digital banner ads, with the first social media ad placement occurring on Facebook in 2006. In less than a decade, advertisements on social media became the norm. Today, social media platforms derive the bulk of their profit from attracting users to the service, then targeting them using available user data.
reference: Marketing Evolution (2022). How to Choose the Right Advertising Media Channel | Marketing Evolution. [online] www.marketingevolution.com. Available at: https://www.marketingevolution.com/marketing-essentials/advertising-media-guide.
Examples of each type of lighting
02/10/2024
Why lighting is important in photography(pictures, film)?
Impressions of objects, both in photography and in life, are created through lighting. Think about it: We know that the bright light of the sun gives us joyful sensations. We also know that twilight can have a peaceful effect, and the darkness is alarming on the psyche of the observer.
In other words, the type of light can manipulate a person’s consciousness, causing a variety of feelings. And as artists we WANT to invoke strong emotions in people.
In addition to the quality of the light, there are other things that you need to take into account when photographing/filming something.
Direction of Light in Photography
Beyond the size of the light source or its intensity, which are equally important in terms of light shaping ability, in this article we are going to discuss the different types of light direction:
1. Front
Wp.com. (2024). Available at: https://i0.wp.com/digital-photography-school.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/front-lighting-diagram.png?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
2. Side lighting
Given that with this orientation of the light, a lot of contrast is generated between lights and shadows, we have a great sense of volume and depth. This type of lighting is ideal for highlighting textures and increasing drama.
Shopify.com. (2024). Available at: https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0355/1805/files/create_rembrandt_lighting_600x600.jpg?v=1642273822 [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
Bing.com. (2024). Available at: https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.LZShAiceh3cfJoIDAFFdSwAAAA?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
The light source is positioned above the main subject or object. It is the sunlight when it is high (noon) or from all those lights that are above the main subject or on the ceiling of the rooms of any home.
When we use this type of light, we get very strong shadows. In portraits we get shadows under the eyes, nose and chin and, although we are used to it, it is not really a good option when photographing this genre.
Because of that, it’s usually a good idea to use a reflector to soften those annoying shadows on the face, or to try to find angles that are not so zenith by moving our subject or the lamp slightly.
5. Nadir lighting (shooting with a low angle/point of view, against zenith)
With this direction of light, very unreal shadows are created, totally opposite to the zenith. In portraits, shadows form above the chin, in the eye sockets, above the lip, etc. They are not at all flattering shades if you are looking for a standard portrait, but it can give you a lot of play if you want a sinister image. That is why this type of lighting is widely used in scary movies.
If we move from the vertical plane slightly to the sides, this very accentuated effect is reduced, and it makes this type of lighting less “radical”.
In this case, the light is located right behind the main subject. It is the light of the silhouettes, since you lose a lot of information in the mid-tones.
The harder the light, the more the silhouette will be enhanced, since the dynamic range of the camera does not allow the lights and shadows to be correctly obtained simultaneously, so you have to choose between a background or a correctly exposed subject.
By varying the angle of the backlight (approximately 135º) we can use it to outline our subject.
Bing.com. (2024). Available at: https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.VSaFTjwUQH2asuwH4vst0QAAAA?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
Wedio.com. (2024). Available at: https://academy-cdn.wedio.com/2021/09/warren-wong-54517q_FGOk-unsplash-min.jpg [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
Wp.com. (2024). Available at: https://i2.wp.com/digital-photography-school.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/back-lighting-diagram.png?resize=1500%2C1000&is-pending-load=1#038 [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
Studiobinder.com. (2024). Available at: https://s.studiobinder.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Backlighting-in-The-Assassination-of-Jesse-James-by-the-Coward-Robert-Ford-.jpg [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
Contrastly.com. (2024). Available at: https://contrastly.com/wp-content/uploads/backlighting-1.jpg [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
reference: Anon, (2021). Why Is Lighting SO Important in Photography & Film? (Guide). [online] Available at: https://digitalworldbeauty.com/why-is-lighting-important-in-photography.
7. Three-point lighting - Three-point lighting is a filmmaking setup that uses three lighting sources: a key light, a fill light, and a backlight. It is a standard method that lets the cinematographer illuminate the subject directly, control shadows, and create a balanced and dynamic look.
8. Key light - The key light is your main light source used to illuminate the subject in a scene; it is also the primary light of a three-point setup. Key lights are essential in creating mood and atmosphere and can emphasize the subject’s features and emotions. Position the key light to one side of the subject, angled toward their face, to create depth and shadows, as in the interrogation scene from “The Dark Knight.”
9. Fill light - A fill light does not lessen or add to the main lighting look of the scene, rather it lightens shadows created by the key light. Using a fill light in tandem with a key light allows for a more natural and balanced look, softens harsh shadows, and adds depth and dimension to the subject. Position the fill light opposite the key light.
10. Backlight - The backlight is placed behind the subject, creating a layer between them and the background and therefore adding even more depth to the image. You can get a strong sense of the backlighting on Michelle Williams in this clip from “Shutter Island.”
What is bounce lighting?
12. Bounce lighting is necessary when you want to create a soft look but your light source is too harsh or direct. In this situation, you can redirect and diffuse light using reflective surfaces such as a white wall or ceiling, a bounce card, or a reflector board. Adjust the angle and distance of your reflective surface in relation to the subject until you have the desired shadows and tone.
The soft, nearly shadow-free lighting in this scene from “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2” emphasizes the otherworldly, dreamlike quality of Harry and Dumbledore’s conversation.
13. Hard light is a strong, direct light source with little to no diffusion that creates sharp, defined shadows. Hard lighting creates a high contrast between the dark and light parts of your image. This dramatic contrast, along with its stark shadows, is why hard lighting is particularly effective in horror and thriller films. Hard lighting is commonly achieved with a single light source—often a spotlight or Fresnel light—positioned to the side of or above the subject.
The hard lighting on Toni Collette in this scene from “Hereditary” creates harsh shadows on her character’s face, emphasizing both her grief and menace.
14. High key lighting - involves using bright and even lighting to illuminate the entire scene. This technique ensures a low contrast—white tones dominate while black and mid-range tones are minimized. High-key lighting is often used in comedies or romantic films to create a lighthearted atmosphere largely free of shadows. To achieve high-key lighting, use soft lighting sources—such as diffused light panels, reflectors, or light bounced off walls—to achieve an even distribution of light across the scene.
An example of high-key lighting can be seen in the opening scenes of “La La Land.”
15. Low-key lighting uses dim, hard lighting to accentuate shadows and create a high contrast between dark and light tones. It is used in horror, film noir, or dramatic films to create tension and mystery. To achieve low-key lighting, use hard lighting sources, such as spotlights, to create deep shadows.
An example of low-key lighting can be seen in “The Godfather” when Michael Corleone (played by Al Pacino) assassinates Sollozzo and McCluskey in an Italian restaurant. As Michael prepares to carry out the killing, his victims’ faces are only partially lit or cast in deep shadow, creating a sense of mystery and tension.
16. Chiaroscuro lighting - Chiaroscuro is a low-key lighting technique that emphasizes the contrast between shadows and light in the frame. Chiaroscuro—from the Italian “chiaro” (or “clear”) and “oscuro” (or “dark”)—creates a dramatic mood, adds depth to your image, and heightens mystery. The technique is often used in film noirs and horror movies to create a sense of suspense, danger, or intrigue lurking in the shadows. To achieve chiaroscuro lighting, use multiple light sources—a primary key light on one side and a fill light on the other to adjust the level of shadows.
17. Natural lighting - involves using the sun, moon, or any other natural sources to light a scene. Although natural lighting is primarily used for exterior shots, you can also try to have natural light coming in through a window for interiors. To alleviate the innate harshness and intensity of sunlight, it helps to use tools such as a diffuser (a semi-transparent piece of material placed in front of the subject) or a reflector to redirect the light.
18. Golden hour - is a specific type of natural lighting that involves shooting exteriors using the soft, warm light that occurs just after sunrise or just before sunset. This lighting creates a romantic or dreamy effect. To film during golden hour lighting, plan your production day carefully—despite the name, this window usually only lasts around 15 to 25 minutes.
Examples of golden hour lighting can be found throughout Chloé Zhao’s “Nomadland.”
reference: Backstage.com. (2023). Film Lighting Techniques: A Guide for Directors + Cinematographers. [online] Available at: https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/film-lighting-techniques-76277/#section0 [Accessed 12 Nov. 2024].
19. Fill light - is responsible for exposing the details of a subject that fall in the shadows of the key light. It is the secondary light in the traditional 3 point lighting setup. The fill light is typically positioned opposite of the key light to literally fill in the shadows that the key light creates. The strength of the fill in is a determining factor to the lighting style and mood of a shot. How a cinematographer uses fill determines the shadows, contrast, and brightness of a scene.
What does fill light do?
-Determines contrast ratio-Creates depth and dimension
-Produces a more even lighting style
-Brings out the details and shapes of a subject
Position Your Light
The first technique is positioning your fill light. Because the purpose of the fill light is to expose the shadows created by the key, the fill light is typically positioned at a similar angle of the key light from the camera, but on the opposite side. This will allow the fill to expose the shadow side of a subject.
Experiment with the fill by first exposing your shot with only a key light. Determine where there are unwanted shadows and contrast that need exposure and position your fill to expose that part of the frame. This video by Apeture that breaks down light positioning.
DeGuzman, K. (2020). Fill Light Essentials & Why It’s So Important To Get Right. [online] StudioBinder. Available at: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-fill-light-photography-definition/.
20. Split light - is a photography lighting technique. The light source that illuminates the subject is perpendicular to the model.
This setup lights up half of the face while keeping the other half shadowed. You “split” the lighting on your subject’s face.
The strong side lighting emphasizes the texture of the skin and the details of the face. The contrast and texture in split lighting portraits often make them very intense. It gives photos a sense of power, assertiveness or conviction.
You can also use split lighting to emphasize glamour.
How to Create Split Lighting?
Split lighting is a classic portrait lighting pattern. It is also quite easy to achieve.
Place your light to the side of your subject so that it shines directly at his/her face. You want the light to be at a 90-degree angle to the direction your camera is facing. This can be either to the left or to the right of your model.
If you can, it is better if the light source is slightly behind the model’s head.
Check how the light falls on the face. Move the light or your model until you manage to have exactly half face in the light and half in the shadows.
What is Split Lighting? (And How to Use It in Portraits) (expertphotography.com)
Short Lighting Vs Broad Lighting: While short lighting focuses on capturing the shadowy portion of the face, broad lighting concentrates on capturing the well-lit portion of the face. Both techniques give a three-dimensional effect to the subjects, but short lighting creates more drama by emphasizing shadows over highlights.
reference: Joan (2020). Short Lighting: What Is It and How Does It Work? [online] www.photoworkout.com. Available at: https://www.photoworkout.com/short-lighting/.
22. Broad lighting - Broad lighting is a type of lighting setup where the area of a subject’s face that is facing the camera is lit more brightly. The term “broad lighting” comes from lighting the broad side of a subject’s face. It is also on of the typical photography lighting setups for shooting portraits. This is the opposite of short lighting. Broad lighting is typically less flattering for a subject because it widens the face. However, it's beneficial to use subjects that have a more narrow face and want the look of a wider face.
What is broad lighting used for?
-Illuminative effect-Widening a subjects face
-More contrast against background
-Placing shadows on the short side of a subject
reference: on, K.D. (2021). What is Broad Lighting — Types of Portrait Lighting Explained. [online] StudioBinder. Available at: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-broad-lighting-photography/.
23. Hair light for portrait - a hair light is a light that separates the hair from the background. This light is placed behind the model and directed towards the hair, creating a halo-like effect.
Hair lights are particularly helpful when using the same color background as the subject’s hair, such as black hair on a black background.
A hair light is often a subtle effect. The difference is easy to spot when comparing a portrait with and without a hair light. But it’s not the primary light in the photo.
A hair light can be continuous or flash.
Place the light behind the model and a few feet higher up. These two positions, above and behind, are most important. You can vary the look of the hair light by placing the light behind the model. Use a boom to keep the light stand out of the photo, or off to one side.
In both cases, you should direct the light towards the hair, and it should not fall on any other parts of the portrait. Some hair light spilling onto the shoulders is okay, but the light shouldn’t hit the subject’s face.
A hair light is also often called a rim light. But while both are similar, a hair light is placed to light the hair only.
A rim light creates a halo effect or rim of light around the entire body. The rim light is placed behind the subject or behind and off to one side. But, unlike hair lights, a rim light is not always placed above the subject.
Analysing a Sports Poster for an event
27/09/2024
I would improve the colour of the text where it says "10 full HD screens & HD sounds" to a black colour and I think that it will be easier to read the text on the white part of the background.
An image related to my event
In this experiment I used Adobe Photoshop to put apples on the tennis racket and around it instead of the tennis balls.
Designer for inspiration
01/10/2024
Aron Jancso - (1986–2015) was a graphic designer from Hungary. As he said, building from scratch is how he likes to work, sometimes even designing every single letter of a poster. He prefers shapes and structures instead of effects. His style is a blend of modernism, street culture and calligraphy, but it is also very experimental. He's been always searching for new ways of creation.
reference: Behance.net. (2024). Behance. [online] Available at: https://www.behance.net/milen [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
reference: Wp.com. (2024). Available at: https://i0.wp.com/www.pristina.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Aron-Jancso_02.jpg?w=1000 [Accessed 13 Nov. 2024].
This poster is in white and light pink colours, I like the way the designer created a pink shadow or it looks more like he smudged it to keep our attention on what he written there. I can see that the pink colour close to the white letters is much stronger than when its not that close to them and its so weak and light, he used a nice transition which makes it more interesting. In my work, I could use the same colour because its bright and it makes me look at it or try to manipulate the letters in the way he did.
reference: https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.97ebc50dc8f6cf63442041133d7db1de?rik=uumW6jSInBi4GA&riu=http%3a%2f%2fwww.pristina.org%2fwp-content%2fuploads%2f2011%2f01%2fAron-Jancso_08.jpg%3fx28030&ehk=%2fWcjuzZ78%2bq7NtGBxAISw4q2%2b%2bS3La6WvH6cA3EHCKc%3d&risl=&pid=ImgRaw&r=0
Sketch
04/10/2024
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Publicity item for my event
08/10/2024
Camera basics
09/10/2024
Explain these terms:
DSLR- A digital single-lens reflex camera (digital SLR or DSLR) is a digital camera that combines the optics and mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a solid-state image sensor and digitally records the images from the sensor.
reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera#:~:text=A%20digital%20single%2Dlens%20reflex,the%20images%20from%20the%20sensor.
Aperture- The aperture is the opening in the lens that allows light to enter the camera and onto the sensor or film. The size of this opening can be adjusted by changing the aperture settings.
How is aperture size measured?
The size of the aperture is measured in f-stops. Here’s where things get a bit weird though. The smaller the f-stop value, the wider the aperture. The bigger the f-stop value, the narrower the aperture.
reference: https://www.fingal.ie/sites/default/files/2020-06/what-is-aperture.pdf
Shutter speed- Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like – the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in —while a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.
Shutter speed fundamentals.
Shutter speed is measured in fractions of a second. Most modern DSLR cameras are capable of the fastest shutter speeds of up to 1/4000th of a second – some go up to 1/8000th. At the other end of the scale are the slowest shutter speeds. These are measured in whole seconds and generally fall anywhere between two and 30 seconds.
Fast shutter speeds of 1/4000th are used for capturing rapidly moving objects, such as freezing a race car hitting its top speed. The slower the shutter speed, the more motion blur your camera will capture when shooting fast-moving subjects. With long shutter speeds from two to 30 seconds, any movement in the image will blur. This can create a cool effect with landscapes and the sky, as water and clouds turn soft and streaky.
reference: www.adobe.com. (n.d.). What is shutter speed in photography? A beginners guide | Adobe. [online] Available at: https://www.adobe.com/uk/creativecloud/photography/discover/shutter-speed.html.
Depth of field - Depth of field is one of the best-known photography techniques. It relates to which elements in the image are in or out of focus. It is set by tweaking your camera's aperture settings. Shallow depth of field puts your subject in sharp focus and blurs the background or foreground. This is set by a wide aperture. Deep depth of field keeps everything in the frame in equal focus. This is set by a narrow aperture.
What is shallow depth of field?
Shooting with a shallow depth of field is “having a plane that’s in focus, and everything else is out of focus,” explains experienced photographer Jeff Carlson. It’s a technical choice, influenced by the aperture on your lens. “If you have a wide aperture, the lens is letting in more light,” says Carlson. “The more light that gets in, the more you get that shallow depth of field effect.”
Exposure- Exposure is one of the most fundamental photography terms. When you take a picture, you press the shutter button to open a camera's aperture and light streams in, triggering a response from a sensor. Exposure is the amount of light that reaches your camera's sensor, creating visual data over a period of time.
The right exposure is a balancing act. Overexposure leads to overexposed highlights and faded-looking images. Underexposed images are dark and hard to see. Learn these basics to better understand camera exposure and discover how to get the right exposure for your work.
reference: www.adobe.com. (n.d.). What is an exposure in photography? | Adobe. [online] Available at: https://www.adobe.com/uk/creativecloud/photography/discover/exposure-in-photography.html.
ISO- If the ISO Sensitivity is doubled, the amount of light reaching the image sensor required for a suitable exposure is halved. For example, if the ISO Sensitivity is increased by one stop from ISO 100 to ISO 200, you can shoot with the shutter speed one stop faster or with the aperture value one stop narrower.
This is useful for increasing the shutter speed to freeze subjects in motion or to deepen the depth of field (that is, the range that appears to be in focus) by narrowing the aperture. In dimly lit conditions, such as when shooting indoors, it is easier for the shutter speed to become slow, which can be a cause of camera shake or subject blurring.
In those situations, you can make the shutter speed faster by increasing the ISO Sensitivity, which will minimize such blurring. In cases where you want to deepen the depth of field by narrowing the aperture or freeze a moving subject by increasing the shutter speed, if the amount of light available is not enough to do so with just the combination of the aperture and the shutter speed, increase the ISO Sensitivity.
If you do not want the ISO Sensitivity to change, be sure to set it to a setting other than AUTO.
When the ISO Sensitivity is set to AUTO, the upper limit the camera can automatically set the ISO Sensitivity to can be set in the shooting settings menu under [Maximum ISO for ISO Auto]. With this setting, the value for the ISO Sensitivity will fluctuate between ISO 100, which is the lowest value used in most cameras, and the value set in the [Maximum ISO for ISO Auto] setting, thereby preventing the ISO Sensitivity from increasing too much.
* The notation and way of setting these values varies depending on the model used
reference: www.ricoh-imaging.co.jp. (n.d.). ISO Sensitivity / Digital Camera Basic Knowledge / PHOTO STYLE / Digital Cameras | Ricoh Global. [online] Available at: https://www.ricoh-imaging.co.jp/english/r_dc/photostyle/knowledge/preparation/iso.html.
Colour systems
15/10/2024
CMYK for Print
CMYK stands for the four colors applied during the printing process: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black (key). This is a subtractive color system, which means that the ink must be removed to obtain lighter colors. With the CMYK color system, the goal is to use ink to absorb the light reflected on a white background - in this case, it' is the printer paper. This also means that when all colors are combined, all light is absorbed and will appear black.
The CMYK color system is mostly used with print design work like magazines or books. Nowadays, most at-home printers and high-end color laser printers use these 4 colored inks to print texts and images. It is also important to mention that because of this process of using ink instead of light, CMYK colors are usually less vibrant than RGB color.
PANTONE for Color Accuracy
The Pantone Matching System (PMS) revolutionized the printing color process by providing a standardized system. This system is widely used on most printers to replicate tones and graphics through a standardized guideline. The guideline ensures that any manufacturer can refer to any color and be able to match on print.
PANTONE varies from CMYK in that it doesn’t require a combination of various colors; instead, PANTONE colors are defined as singular units. The majority of Pantone colors are generated with thirteen base pigments that create a variety of unique colors. Each unique color is then labeled via a number, which makes it easy to avoid color inconsistencies. Currently, the Pantone colors palette includes a total of over 1,800 different colors.
This numeric system creates a more accurate color match than other systems, making it perfect for brand identity work. Although using this process can be extremely time and money consuming, it’s perfect for a 1 or 2 color print job (i.e., business card…) because it requires less ink that the 4-color model (CMYK).
Pantone is known worldwide as the standard language for color communication in the printing world. The system was initially designed for the graphics industry, but it has also proven useful across a surprising range of industries.
Ideas:
Graphic poster
08/11/2024
In this Photoshop experiment I use hue/saturation to change the colour of the picture. For the text "RUN" I used Layer-Layer style-Gradient Overlay and the effects I used are Bevel & Emboss, Satin and Stroke. The typeface I used is Elephant(Italic).
-Yes, the product went well and I like the overall result. It does communicate my ideas, because I think that this picture looks interesting for the audience who does sports like running.
-I think it is finished and it's not messy at all. But, if I would repeat the process again, I would also add an information about the location and where exactly its going to be, because audience needs to know where this run competition is going to happen and be informed about this event.
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-The size of the picture fits there very well and it looks nice. I also like the reflection, because it doesn't look very bright or dull.
-It is not messy, but the quality of the poster is not good. It happened because I saved my poster as a pdf file and then I imported from my files and also changed the size of the picture. I think it is finished.
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