Film noir
12/11/2024
Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylized Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize cynical attitudes and motivations. The 1940s and 1950s are generally regarded as the "classic period" of American film noir. Film noir of this era is associated with a low-key, black-and-white visual style that has roots in German Expressionist cinematography. Many of the prototypical stories and attitudes expressed in classic noir derive from the hardboiled school of crime fiction that emerged in the United States during the Great Depression, known as noir fiction.
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bibliography: Wikipedia Contributors (2019). Film noir. [online] Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_noir.
bibliography: BadFremen (2013). Mein Herr, Ballon? (from The Third Man, 1949). YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7U_2AWPm4IE [Accessed 14 Oct. 2023].
The music in the movie "Mein Herr, Ballon?" (from "The Third Man," 1949) is the Third Man Theme, an iconic instrumental piece composed by Anton Karas for the film. It is played on the zither and is profoundly evocative of place and time.
bibliography: Faville, C. (2024). The Third Man [1949] - Classic Noir with a Twist. [online] Blogspot.com. Available at: https://compassrosebooks.blogspot.com/2009/07/third-man-1949-classic-noir-with-twist.html [Accessed 12 Nov. 2024].
Industry Roles
13/11/2024
1. Actor - communicate a character or situation to an audience through speech, body language and movement across a variety of mediums, including theatre, film, television, radio and video.
Role - an actor usually involves interpreting the work of a writer under the instruction and support of a director, although some work may require the actor to devise a character or improvise the reactions of a character to a situation.
The responsibilities as an actor, you need to:
1. Prepare and attend auditions
2. Perform to a live audience
3. Perform in a studio or on location for film, television, internet and radio broadcast
4. Do voice-overs for advertisements or record audiobooks2. Web designer - Web designers plan, create and code web pages, using technical skills to produce websites that fit customers' requirements.
Role - As a web designer, you'll be involved in the technical and graphical aspects of website building, determining both the look of each page and how the website navigates and feels overall. You may also be responsible for the maintenance of an existing site.
The responsibilities as a web designer, you need to:
1. Work on website and navigation and usability
2. Design sample page layouts including font, text size and colours
3. Design graphics, animations and manipulate digital photographs
3. Photographer - As a web designer, you'll be involved in the technical and graphical aspects of website building, determining both the look of each page and how the website navigates and feels overall. You may also be responsible for the maintenance of an existing site.
Academy of Art University | Art and Design Blog
Role - Photographers create visual images for technical and documentary purposes
Types of photographer:
-Advertising
-Editorial
-Fashion
-Social photography - weddings, commercial and portraiture photography.
The responsibilities as a photographer, you need to:
1. Work with clients to discuss the images they require and how they want to use them
2. Carry out research and preparation for a shoot
3. Work in different locations and circumstances to get the right image
4. Use an extensive range of technical equipment, including cameras, lenses, lighting and specialist software
4. Graphic designer - Graphic designers create eye-catching visuals for print and digital channels to communicate an organisation's message or brand.
Role - As a graphic designer, you'll use your design skills in areas such as colour, composition, layout and typography to work on a variety of products and activities. These can include:
1. Websites, apps and social media channels2. Adverts
3. Books, reports and magazines
4. Posters, flyers, banners and programmes
5. Billboards
6. Computer games
7. Product packaging
2. Estimate the time required to complete a job and provide quotes for clients
3. Develop and pitch design briefs that suit the client's purpose
4. Think creatively to produce new ideas and concepts and develop interactive design
Most opportunities are in large publishing companies that produce a range of titles. These include weekly and monthly consumer or lifestyle titles, which are commonly referred to as 'glossy' magazines, as well as a variety of trade publications.
Magazine features editors do not always need to have specialist knowledge of the subject they cover, unless the content is highly technical, although an interest in the subject is usually expected.
The responsibilities as a magazine features editor, you need to:
1. Overseeing the layout, appearance and content of feature articles
2. Generating ideas for features with writing staff3. Commissioning articles from freelance and in-house writers
5. Editing and re-writing articles, some of which may be rejected or returned to the writer for revision
6. Attending photo shoots
You'll also lay out the story on the page, write headings and captions, and may be involved with overall page design.
To be a good sub, you must be an all-rounder - you need to know media law, have a keen eye for detail and be able to put a story together with speed and style.
The responsibilities as a press sun-editor, you need to:
1. Edit copy, written by reporters or features writers, to remove spelling mistakes and grammatical errors2. Rewrite material so that it flows or reads better and adheres to the house style of a particular publication
3. Ensure that a story fits a particular word count by cutting or expanding material as necessary
4. Write headlines that capture the essence of the story or are clever or amusing, depending on the style of the publication
5. Check facts and stories to ensure they're accurate, adhere to copyright laws, are not libellous or go against the publication's policy
bibliography: www.prospects.ac.uk. (n.d.). Media and internet job profiles | Prospects.ac.uk. [online] Available at: https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/browse-sector/media-and-internet.
Suspense scenario
15/11/2024
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Suspense in films
19/11/2024
Suspense is a feeling of anxiety that accompanies uncertainty about the outcome of the scene.
Audience expectation
Creating suspense involves manipulating audience knowledge and expectations.
Character identification
If your audience doesn't care about the character, the won't feel suspense.
The techniques to encourage your audience to care about your character is to create a connection with an audience by using emotions - such as fear, love, hate, injustice or embarrassment.
Handheld camera movement creates a sense of realism and suspense.
Shot size
Close up - increases audience's anxiety by putting a character closer to the unseen threat.
Extreme close up - to emphasise small details like a screaming mouth, eyes wide in terror, a knife in someone's hand, a ticking clock.
Point of view shots are another powerful way to create suspense, allowing the audience to see through the eyes of a character.
Camera angle
Shooting characters from a high camera angle may make them look particularly vulnerable, increase audience identification and suspense.
Low angle shots can be used to make your opponent or location to seem ominous.
Parallel editing is an editing technique video editors use to jump between two different scenes. The sequence jumps between scenes happening at the same time. Parallel editing can increase the feeling of suspense and increase the pacing of a scene.
Editing technique
To help blend the scenes into a coherent whole, you’ll also want to cut along similar movements and themes. Finding similar movements can create an additive effect, blending the scenes. Cutting on contrasting themes can often add to the tension.
bibliography: Zunitch, P. (2022). What is parallel editing? [online] Videomaker. Available at: https://www.videomaker.com/how-to/editing/editing-technique/what-is-parallel-editing/.
Slow motion is an excellent way to increase tension by drawing out a scene.
Diegetic sound
Diegetic sound is any sound that originates from the world of a film. A very simple way to think about diegetic sound is to think of it as that could make sound in the world of a film. If the characters can hear it, it's diegetic. The sound doesn't have to be featured on-screen. In fact, many diegetic sounds are not shown on-screen. Say there’s an emergency and an ambulance is called. The corresponding siren sound would be diegetic, even if it’s not shown on screen. This is because it’s a natural sound of the film world.Examples of Diegetic Sounds:
-Music — piano playing at a restaurant, music in an elevator, a street performer banging drums
-Sound effects — explosions, rain drops, car engines
The second is in the lyrics, as they provide a subtext about their relationship.
bibliography: Heckmann, C. (2022). Diegetic Sound — Storytelling For Your Ears. [online] StudioBinder. Available at: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-diegetic-sound/.
The woman in this horror film is home alone. Bryan Bertino used close up on her to create more tension and show her emotions. The sound of loud knocking on the door makes the audience feel worried and in fear because they know that the woman didn't invite anyone. Bryan Bertino is also using extreme close up on how she is closing the door and make sure that it is closed and she is safe.
What does ISO refer to?
-ISO is simply a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter. For that reason, ISO can help you capture images in darker environments, or be more flexible about your aperture and shutter speed settings.
bibliography: Nasim Mansurov (2022). What is ISO? Understanding ISO for Beginners - Photography Life. [online] Photographylife.com. Available at: https://photographylife.com/what-is-iso-in-photography.
What is Shutter Speed?
-Shutter speed controls how long the shutter stays open.
Think of watching a flipbook. Each page is an individual image, but when you flip through them rapidly, you see a moving picture. That’s how videos work, and frame rate is essentially the “flipping speed.”
So, frame rate, often measured in frames per second (fps), tells us how many individual images (or frames) are displayed in one second of video.
It’s crucial in determining how smooth or choppy a video will appear.
bibliography: Collier, J. (2023). Frame Rate vs Shutter Speed (For Video & Photography). [online] Shotkit. Available at: https://shotkit.com/frame-rate-vs-shutter-speed/.
How to Change White Balance in Your Camera
White balance can be changed very easily on most cameras. On most DSLR and mirrorless cameras, there should be a button that allows you to quickly change between different white balance presets. On Nikon DSLRs, for example, you will often find a “WB” button – holding that button and moving the rear dial will allow you to switch between different white balance settings, such as “Incandescent”, “Fluorescent”, “Direct Sunlight”, etc. If you don’t have a white balance button, or you prefer to select white balance through your camera menu, you can often find that setting in the general “Shooting” menu. For example, if you have an entry-level Nikon DSLR, simply navigate to the “Shooting Menu” and scroll down until you get to “White Balance”. Once there, you will be presented with a number of different presets, as shown below:
Camera White Balance Presets
Most current digital cameras have white balance presets that are set to a certain Kelvin number by the manufacturer. These presets also vary depending on the manufacturer and camera model. Here is the list of common presets for most Nikon DSLR and mirrorless cameras:
- Auto (A) – Default WB setting and what I use all the time when I shoot RAW. The camera automatically guesses the WB depending on ambient light and use of flash. Some cameras have more than one auto setting for different environments / lighting situations.
- Incandenscent (Light Bulb) – Use it strictly under tungsten light bulbs or the image will look very blue.
- Fluorescent (Glowing Tube) – Use if photos look too green or when under fluorescent lights. Since there are many different types of fluorescent bulbs, some cameras provide several different selections for this setting.
- Direct Sunlight (Sun) – Used when shooting outdoors with the sun shining on the subject.
- Flash (Lightning Bolt) – Used when utilizing on-camera flash.
- Cloudy (Cloud) – Used in cloudy days or in shades. Will yield warmer images than sunlight.
- Shade (House with a Shadow) – Warmer than cloudy, adding orange colors to the photograph. Good for sunsets and shades.
- Choose Color Temperature (K) – Lets you manually change the Kelvin value (typically from 2,500 to 10,000).
- Preset (PRE) – Used for color matching with a white balance card.
How to Change White Balance in Post-Processing Software
If you don’t want to worry about changing the white balance in your camera for different situations, as long as you are shooting RAW, you can always adjust the white balance of your images with post-processing software such as Adobe Photoshop or Lightroom. This is sometimes referred to as “color correction”. In your software you’ll probably see a panel that looks something like this:
Aperture
Aperture is the opening in your lens that lets light pass through to the sensor.
Camera-Subject Distance
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Which options from the Quick Settings menu are for each of these settings? Connect each one with a line.
ISO -ISO 1600
White Balance - AWB
Shooting Format - Frame size/Frame Rate -
Nikon
Which button is the command dial live view switch?
Green screen practice
22/11/2024
In this Adobe After Effects experiment I tried to remove green screen and add another background. I selected the cat layer and added a Keylight effect, then I dragged the effect onto the cat. After this, I used eyedropper to select the green of the background as a screen colour and then I clicked on Comp Button so the cat is in front of the woods picture now.
After Effects experiment
22/11/2024
Float experiment
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Stereotypes
Representations often use stereotypes – oversimplified ideas about what a person, place or thing is like. You are certain to recognise some of the stereotypes we see in the media.
bibliography: BBC Bitesize (2024). What is representation? - BBC Bitesize. [online] BBC Bitesize. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z8rq7yc/articles/zjv8kty#zs96xbk [Accessed 27 Nov. 2024].
-Neutral – when a word or symbol has a non-literal association that we don’t regard as good or bad.
-Positive – when a word or symbol has a non-literal association that we regard as good.
Connotation meaning in literature and film
Connotation has an important meaning in literature in film; which is to suggest figuratism to the audience. Simply, connotation asks us to see the symbolic meaning of objects and words.
bibliography: Heckmann, C. (2020). What is Connotation? Definition & Examples in Literature & Film. [online] StudioBinder. Available at: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-connotation-definition-examples/.
bibliography: Amazonaws.com. (2020). Available at: https://legendary-digital-network-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/13062540/The-Outsider.jpg [Accessed 29 Nov. 2024].
What is Diegetic and non-diegetic sound?
Diegetic Sound - Diegetic sound is sound that can be heard by characters in a film or TV show. The word diegetic comes from “diegesis,” or a style of storytelling based on a character’s interior narration.
Examples of diegetic sound from film and TV
The main types of diegetic sound are:
Dialogue: When two characters speak out loud to each other, the sound source is in-film. Dialogue usually conveys something about character personalities and how they interact with one another.
Music that characters can hear: This may be music that is made in the film and heard by the characters, like a band performing or a violinist playing their instrument; or it could be a karaoke scene—such as when bride-to-be Kimmy Wallace awkwardly yet charmingly sings “I Just Don’t Know What to Do With Myself” in “My Best Friend’s Wedding.”
Object sounds: Object sounds that happen in a scene, such as a horse clopping down the street during Big and Carrie’s buggy ride through Central Park in “Sex and the City,” are diegetic.
bibliography: SEX AND THE CITY 𝓐𝓻𝓬𝓱𝓲𝓿𝓮𝓼 (2021). SATC | Buggy Ride in Central Park | Season 4 | Episode 18. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPZV_bM4fuU [Accessed 4 Dec. 2024].
Non-Diegetic Sound - Non-diegetic sound is any sound that does not come from within the film’s world and that characters cannot hear. These sounds are nearly always added in postproduction.
For example, the opening scenes for the “Star Wars” series use non-diegetic music from composer John Williams to create a highly accessible sci-fi experience for the audience.
Non-diegetic sound examples from TV and film
The main types of non-diegetic sounds are:
Soundtrack and score: The incidental music of a film, used to create atmosphere or otherwise set tone, is audible to the audience but not the characters.
For example, Disasterpeace’s chaotic, synth-based soundtrack in “It Follows” alerts the audience to the violent disruption of the creature stalking the protagonist, Jay—but she doesn’t hear it.
bibliography: Who Done It Better (2020). It Follows Horror Film Best Scenes. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3suIKFRh7JM.
bibliography: Who Done It Better (2020). It Follows Horror Film Best Scenes. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3suIKFRh7JM.
Voiceover narration: Voiceover audio is usually recorded off-camera and added into the project in postproduction. Except for the times narration breaks the fourth wall—such as the villain hearing narrator Keith Scott’s sonorous intonations in “George of the Jungle”—it is usually non-diegetic.
For example, Alec Baldwin narrates the world of “The Royal Tenenbaums,” offering insight into the family and their various escapades.
bibliography: CRITERION (2012). Introducing the Tenenbaums. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYLpm7tEZiY [Accessed 4 Dec. 2024].
bibliography: Backstage.com. (2022). Diegetic vs. Non-Diegetic Sound: What’s the Difference? [online] Available at: https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/diegetic-vs-non-diegetic-sound-guide-75566/#section0 [Accessed 4 Dec. 2024].
Trans-Diegetic Sound
When a film combines diegetic and non-diegetic sound, they become trans-diegetic. Mixing both sound types is ideal for creative storytelling and for transitioning between scenes without being overly abrupt or disruptive. Trans-diegetic sound, such as a sound from the score becoming a song heard on the radio in a film, creates a seamless link between scenes that helps the audience acclimate to the world of the movie.
For example, the opening of “Dog Day Afternoon” sees the Elton John song “Amoreena” playing over a montage of New York City (non-diegetic), before cutting to reveal that the song is coming from a character’s car radio (diegetic).
bibliography: Morroe Rieff (2021). Dog Day Afternoon opening - ‘What you are about to see is true---’. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXC_7Jqf3a4 [Accessed 4 Dec. 2024].
Diegetic, non-diegetic, and trans-diegetic sound all contribute to the overall sound design of a film, which lends itself to atmospheric sonic and cinematic experiences.
bibliography: Backstage.com. (2022). Diegetic vs. Non-Diegetic Sound: What’s the Difference? [online] Available at: https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/diegetic-vs-non-diegetic-sound-guide-75566/#section0.
So, what does the title mean
AARP says that a “May-December romance” is “an age-old term for an amorous relationship between two people with a considerable age difference.
bibliography: Artofthetitle.com. (2023). May December. [online] Available at: https://www.artofthetitle.com/title/may-december/ [Accessed 6 Dec. 2024].
Background: We created a title sequence to show the expansiveness of Apple TV+’s sci-fi dramedy Hello Tomorrow! and its universe. We set the table for this retrofuturistic story with a hypnotic flare.
Design thinking: The show’s main character Jack Billings—played by actor Billy Crudup—heavily influenced the title sequence. He plays a salesman, so we wanted to nod to that with the design, making the sequence an expression of the invention he sells.
I really like the animation of different electronic things when the camera goes up in order to show us everything. The background is light blue which looks really nice when there are white or light objects on top of the background.
Audio: freesound_community (2023). Birds singing in and leaves rustling with the wind | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/birds-singing-in-and-leaves-rustling-with-the-wind-14557/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2025].
Audio: freesound_community (2023). Faint | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/faint-58338/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2025].
Audio: Liecio (2024). Horror, Mystery and Scary Sound Effect | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/horror-mystery-and-scary-sound-effect-190247/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2025].
Audio: RasoolAsaad (2024). Loud Cinematic Impact | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/loud-cinematic-impact-270350/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2025].
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freesound_community (2023). Suspense Creepy Ominous Ambience | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/suspense-creepy-ominous-ambience-14569/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2025].
Dialogue:
Universfield (2024). Horror Background Atmosphere #6 | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/horror-background-atmosphere-6-199279/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2025].
bibliography: Google.com. (2024). Redirect Notice. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istockphoto.com%2Fphotos%2Fdark-forest&psig=AOvVaw0cUc7OX_zey1rbjTUDN6v2&ust=1734169202609000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjRxqFwoTCLjzne-5pIoDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAS [Accessed 13 Dec. 2024].
freesound_community (2023). Danger Approaching | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/danger-approaching-14740/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2025].
Universfield (2023). Scary Horror Atmosphere | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/scary-horror-atmosphere-176754/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2025].
Freepik. (2020). Free Photo | Fog in forest during autumn. [online] Available at: https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/fog-forest-autumn_9899769.htm#fromView=search&page=1&position=22&uuid=b3d38264-8034-4275-a717-d759b24fcef1 [Accessed 17 Jan. 2025].
-Istockphoto.com. (2025). Available at: https://media.istockphoto.com/id/1150340004/photo/old-wooden-hut-ruins-in-foggy-wood-spooky-landscape.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=ibyxee6uTi7NTF300CK5QSNUaqGsqsMx1X2iIiu7ffE=. [Accessed 17 Jan. 2025].
Freepik. (2020). Free Photo | Beautiful shot of a lot of leafless trees covered with fog in the early morning. [online] Available at: https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/beautiful-shot-lot-leafless-trees-covered-with-fog-early-morning_9970531.htm#fromView=search&page=1&position=2&uuid=f98a5efb-ad74-4462-9f6c-0d94766ef0e9.
-Shutterstock.com. (2025). Available at: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/foggy-oak-forest-autumn-600nw-1678292440.jpg.
Freepik. (2020). Free Photo | Beautiful shot of a lot of leafless trees covered with fog in the early morning. [online] Available at: https://www.freepik.com/free-photo/beautiful-shot-lot-leafless-trees-covered-with-fog-early-morning_9970531.htm#fromView=search&page=1&position=2&uuid=f98a5efb-ad74-4462-9f6c-0d94766ef0e9.
-Shutterstock.com. (2025). Available at: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/foggy-oak-forest-autumn-600nw-1678292440.jpg.
-Istockphoto.com. (2025). Available at: https://media.istockphoto.com/id/1150340004/photo/old-wooden-hut-ruins-in-foggy-wood-spooky-landscape.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=ibyxee6uTi7NTF300CK5QSNUaqGsqsMx1X2iIiu7ffE=
Notonthehighstreet.com. (2016). Available at: https://cdn.notonthehighstreet.com/fs/12/98/f9b3-e7b6-4e34-bf88-0ddeb32363dd/original_personalised-house-portrait-line-drawings.jpg [Accessed 21 Jan. 2025].
-This is an image of the sketch of the small house and this the house that the main character in the film found the dead body.
Title sequence audio: freesound_community (2023). Faint | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/faint-58338/ [Accessed 29 Jan. 2025].
This audio is more suspense and more unusual, because a different change from quiet music to scary music.
Title sequence audio: Liecio (2024). Horror, Mystery and Scary Sound Effect | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/horror-mystery-and-scary-sound-effect-190247/ [Accessed 29 Jan. 2025].
This audio makes us feel more scared.
Title sequence audio: RasoolAsaad (2024). Loud Cinematic Impact | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/loud-cinematic-impact-270350/ [Accessed 29 Jan. 2025].
-This audio is very loud and makes you scared, this will appear when the title of the audio moved and goes up and changes the brightness at the same time.
-I tried to find related images for all four shots from different websites. It was difficult, because some images were small and I had to increase the size of them, which prevented to bad quality image and then, so I had to find another one with better quality and so I will not have bad quality picture when increasing the size of the image.
-And it wasn't that hard for me to find the audio, I found one website with lots of sounds and I chose the one that sounded scary, from quite to loud and scary and horror themed.
Audition multitrack
To make it sound better, in Inputs/Outputs I used yellow volume line to make it louder or quieter. And to change the volume I clicked on the yellow line and moved up - louder, move down - quieter. I think it will sound better, because all sounds are not going to have the same volume
While screen recording I had a full size of the video, but when I exported that video in Adobe Premiere Pro it changed the size of the video. I also tried to change the size a few times, but it still the same.
reference: SSPsurvival (2024). The sound of grass in the forest, footsteps | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/the-sound-of-grass-in-the-forest-footsteps-248351/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2025].
reference: freesound_community (2023). Cellphone ringing | Royalty-free Music. [online] Pixabay.com. Available at: https://pixabay.com/sound-effects/cellphone-ringing-6475/ [Accessed 25 Feb. 2025].
Audition multitrack for suspense scenario
28/02/2025
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